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The
construction of indigenous suspects: militarization and
the gendered and ethnic dynamics of human rights abuses
in southern Mexico
Lynn Stephen
I
use the tools of ethnography to analyze the gendered and
ethnic patterns of militarization and torture in southern
Mexico. Such patterns replay gendered and sexual stereotypes
of indigenous men and women as captured in national myth
and vision. While such an analysis is useful in Mexico,
it draws from and is applicable to other situations of
political violence and provides a way of understanding
the underlying culture wars being waged to redefine nations
as signaled by crises of representation at the margins
of states. I argue that the insights of anthropological
analysis--particularly historical and cultural analysis--are
key in clarifying the rationales that are provided for
treating some people differently than others and thus
constructing them as suspects who become victims of political
violence and human rights abuses. [ethnicity, gender,
sexuality, human rights, political violence, militarization,
Mexico]
On
discourse and power: "cults" and "orientals" in Fiji
Martha Kaplan
John D. Kelly
Essences
are not origins, as is made clearer when approaching discourse
via methods of Latour rather than Foucault. Tracking
the emergence of power in the alignment of heterogeneous
agents, institutions, and objects, we contrast the fates
of efforts by two British colonial officials in Fiji,
one who sought to outlaw a "dangerous" movement in 1887
and a second who sought to thwart union organizing among
"orientals" in 1935. Though the second effort fit
more closely with an existing grand discourse ("orientalism"),
the first aligned changing fields of interest in Fiji
and empire. The first gained the power to represent the
real, and the second did not. Realities of colonial power
contradict Latour's principle of symmetry, but not the
rest of his approach to the making of power. [discourse,
power, orientalism, cargo cults, colonialism, Latour,
Foucault, Fiji]
Syncretic
subjects and body politics: doubleness, personhood,
and Aymara catechists
Andrew Orta
Missionaries
describe the Aymara catechists with whom they work as
"divided in two" ? part "Aymara" and part "Christian."
This characterization of partial cultural merging links
a dualizing paradigm of embodiment with a dualizing approach
to conjunctural settings familiar from much of the Andean
ethnographic literature, and casts Aymara as passive indices
of colonial and postcolonial history. Drawing upon
contrasting approaches to embodiment and identity, and
illustrating these with data from the Aymara case, I
examine the positioned practices by which catechists realize
such composite settings as coherent lived world. [Aymara,
Bolivia, embodiment, identity, missionization,
personhood, syncretism]
Grooming
que zi: marriage exclusion and identity formation
among disabled men in contemporary China
Matthew Kohrman
Using
a form of narrative analysis, I explore how marriage in
contemporary China influences people's identity formation
as "men with disabilities." In particular, I examine how
local practices of marriage exclusion shape the definition,
marginalization, and experience of men who have trouble
walking. This discussion is more phenomenological than
most previous accounts of menés experiences of marriage
in Chinese society. [marriage, disability, identity, body,
manhood, narrative, China]
Tourists
as pilgrims: commercial fashioning of transatlantic politics
Paulla A. Ebron
In
this article, I ask how a site of history gets made into
a successful tourist destination of a remembered past.
I focus on a corporate sponsored homeland tour to Senegal
and The Gambia, (the region of Roots) aimed toward commemorating
a site especially momentous for African American tourists.
Through the lens of global "scapes," I analyze the multiple
aspects necessary to create and sustain this place of
meaning. Of interest are the ways in which culture gets
produced as a commodified object. [commodity culture,
tourism, pilgrimage, identity formation]
Of
enemies and pets: warfare and shamanism in Amazonia
Carlos Fausto, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro
translated by David Rodgers , University of Manchester
Indigenous
warfare in tropical South America, frequently involving
cannibalism and trophy hunting, has been a recurrent theme
in Americanist literature. Since the 16th century, conquerors,
missionaries, chroniclers and more recently anthropologists
have striven to make sense of the phenomenon. In this
article, I propose a model of social reproduction that
subsumes warfare and shamanism within a generalized economy.
I show the existence of a dialectic operating between
two relational forms, predation and familiarization. This
dialectic functions as a general schema of the mode for
producing persons and groups in the region. [warfare,
shamanism, ritual, exchange theory, animal familiarization,
Amazonian Indians]
Sensing
locality in Yura: rituals of carnival and of the Bolivian
State
Michelle Bigenho
In
this article, I discuss how an indigenous population in
highland Bolivia established a sense of locality through
participation in two different rituals: the musically-based
rituals of carnival and the bureaucratic practices or
rituals of state which resulted from the initial implementation
of a decentralizing law. Through a privileging of
visually perceived representations, the logic behind the
new law assumed populations were attached to contiguous
territories within a national grid. In contrast,
carnival rituals--through a focus on centerpoints, musical
sonorities, and perceiving subjects--emphasized a relationship
to locality through a sounding-off through space.
[nation-state, space, music performance, sense experience,
Bolivia, Popular Participation, Yura]
accepted January 17, 1999
final version submitted March 4, 1999
A
response to Helanderés critique of "Violent Politics
and the Politics of Violence"
Catherine Besteman
Reviews
Some
Futures of Anthropology
Ortner
In
Near Ruins: Cultural Theory at the End of the Century
(Dirks, ed.)
Parmentier
A
Momentés Notice: Time Politics Across Cultures (Greenhouse)
Brydon
The
Citizen Factory: Schooling and Cultural Production in
Bolivia (Luykx)
Hurtig
The
Life of Our Language: Kaqchikel Maya Maintenance, Shift,
and Revitalization (Garzon, Brown, Richards and Ajpub)
Kahn
Shamans
and Elders: Experience, Knowledge, and Power among the
Daur Mongols (Humphrey and Onon)
Maskarinec
Bodies
and Persons: Comparative Perspectives from Africa and
Melanesia (Lambek and Strathern, eds.)
Desjarlais
Silicon
Second Nature: Culturing Artificial Life in a Digital
World (Helmreich)
Hakken
Theory
of Shopping (Miller)
Shopping, Place and Identity (Miller, Jackson,
Thrift, Holbrook and Rowlands)
Arnould
Critical
White Studies: Looking Behind the Mirror (Delgado
and Stefancic, eds.)
Linde-Laursen
The
Cultural Life of Intellectual Properties: Authorship,
Appropriation, and the Law (Coombe)
Friedman
Nuclear
Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War
(Gusterson)
Pickering
Studying
Native America: Problems and Prospects (Thornton,
ed.)
Taylor
Bulls,
Bullfighting, and Spanish Identities (Douglass)
Women and Bullfighting: Gender, Sex and the Consumption
of Tradition (Pink)
Marvin
Indigenous
Women: The Right to a Voice (Vinding, ed.)
Stephen
Indians
in the Making: Ethnic Relations and Indian Identities
around Puget Sound (Harmon)
Harkin
Indigenous
Movements and Their Critics? Pan-Maya Activism in Guatemala
(Warren)
Collier
The
Potlatch Papers; A Colonial Case History (Bracken)
Arens
The
Convict and the Colonel (Price)
Cole
Pathways
of Memory and Power: Ethnography and History among an
Andean People (Abercrombie)
Rogers
Nationalism
and the Genealogical Imagination: Oral History and Textual
Authority in Tribal Jordan (Shryock)
Ghannam
Language,
Identity, and Marginality in Indonesia: The Changing Nature
of Ritual Speech on the Island of Sumba (Kuipers)
Palmer
Launching
Europe: An Ethnography of European Cooperation in Space
Science (Zabusky)
Gonzalez
The
Anthropology of Korea: East Asian Perspectives (Shima
and Janelli, eds.)
Ryang
To
Die in this Way: Nicaraguan Indians and the Myth of Mestizaje,
1880-1965 (Gould)
Rappaport
Remaking
Women: Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East (Abu-Lughod,
ed.)
Peteet
Cyprus
and Its People: Nation, Identity, and Experience in an
Unimaginable Community, 1955-1997 (Calotychos, ed.)
Pattie
Recognizing
Ourselves: Ceremonies of Lesbian and Gay Commitment (Lewin)
Kennedy
Women,
Family, and Child Care in India: A World in Transition
(Seymour)
Moore
Child
Care and Culture: Lessons from Africa (LeVine, Dixon,
LeVine, Richman, Leiderman, Keefer and Brazelton)
Hollos
The
Struggle and the Tools: Oral and Literate Strategies in
an Inner City Community (Cushman)
Gregory
The
Alleys and Back Buildings of Galveston: An Architectural
and Social History (Beasley)
Wilmsen
Tracing
the Veins: Of Copper, Culture, and Community from Butte
to Chuquicamata (Finn)
Kray
Stonehenge:
Making Space (Bender)
Lawrence-Zuniga
Léénigme
du don (Godelier)
Goldman
The
Gift of Life: Female Spirituality and Healing in Northern
Peru (Glass-Coffin)
Austin-Broos
Choosing
Unsafe Sex: AIDS-Risk Denial Among Disadvantaged Women
(Sobo)
Kammerer
The
Way of the Pipe: Aborginal Spirituality and Symbolic Healing
in Canadian Prisons (Waldram)
Warry
Cultures
of Secrecy: Reinventing Race in Bush Kaliai Cargo Cults
(Lattas)
Billings
The
Feast of the Sorcerer: Practices of Consciousness and
Power (Kapferer)
Carrithers
AIDS
Alibis: Sex, Drugs, and Crime in the Americas (Kane)
Lovell
Arguing
Sainthood: Modernity, Psychoanalysis, and Islam (Ewing)
Werbner
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